Thanthirimale Rajamaha Viharaya - Ancient Rock Temple

This ancient and sacred temple is situated in a remote place about 35 kilometers north west of Anuradhapura. It is situated on top of a rocky terrain. Thanthirimale is definitely a larger temple but it surely reminds Buddhangala Temple of Ampara.
As per the historical evidence this area is one of the oldest human settlements in Sri Lanka which dates back to pre 6th century BC. Also it is mentioned in many historical chronicles as a pivotal place all throughout the history.
The Bo tree here is said to be at least 2300 years old. It is a direct sapling of the famous Sri Maha Bodhi of Anuradhapura. 
The history of Thanthirimale dates to the 6th century BC, when Prince Vijaya and his men set foot on the island at a spot that came to be called Thambapanni, meaning bronze sand. After meeting Kuveni, the princess of an indigenous tribe, and settling there, Vijaya and his group moved further inland to build a kingdom. The route they are believed to have taken was along a river named Malwathu Oya. The leaders of Vijaya’s group proceeded along the river and when a chief found a suitable place his team stopped there and built a village.
A chief called Upathissa built Upathissagama while chief Anuradha’s village was named Anuradhagama. These were the first settlements of this country. Vijaya’s men gradually expanded their territory along the Malwathu Oya, and thus began the written history of Sri Lanka. Upathissagama was close to Thanthirimale. Anuradhagama is today known as Anuradhapura.
In the 3rd century BC Thanthirimale was known as Thiwakka Bamunugama after the local ruler Thiwakka who had the privilege of hosting the royal procession carrying the sacred Bodhi sapling brought to the island by Buddhist nun Sanghamitta. As a token of appreciation a shoot of the Bo sapling was given to Thanthirimale and can still be seen there today.
Evidence that there had been a civilization before the arrival of Vijaya is cited by many experts. In 1909 John Still discovered archaeological evidence from the surface layer of the large cave located in the vicinity of the Thanthirimale temple. “…. in prehistoric times it must have been the refuge of human beings, for in it I found fragments of cherts and a piece of crystal. These were not in any sense implements, but they may have been waste chips thrown away while implements were being made for they are of material quite foreign for their surroundings,” he wrote.
Thanthirimale is also well known for its Buddha statues. In the northern slope of the rock is carved the reclining Buddha statue that is 45 feet long.
The Samadhi statue carved in a cave is 2.16 metres high. The statue is decorated with the images of two lions and two deities. The stone seat of the Buddha is also ornamented with lion images. Stone pillars in front indicate a structure like a roof, made to cover the statue. There are four roughly marked images on either side of the statue. Experts believe that these unfinished images indicate that the artist had to abandon the task suddenly.
The shrine of the Thanthirimale temple was begun in the 1970s and contains many beautiful wall paintings. It was the late Vimalagnana Thera who pioneered the construction of the Thanthirimale Raja Maha Viharaya.